آموزش پلکسیس مدل رفتاری سخت شونده یا hardening

نوشته شده توسط:سجاد رضاپور | ۱۳۰ دیدگاه

آموزش پلکسیس مدل رفتاری سخت شونده یا hardening

مدل خاک سخت شونده در نرم افزار پلکسیس و نحوه انتخاب پارامترهای این مدل

1- مقدمه:

مدل رفتاری سخت شونده، برای شبیه سازی رفتار خاک در نرم افزار plaxis، مدلی بسیار پیشرفته است. در این مدل مشابه مدل رفتاری موهر کولمب، محدوده ی مجاز تنش توسط چسبندگی و زاویه ی اصطکاک و زاویه ی اتساع مشخص می شود. در مدل رفتاری hardening ، سختی خاک بسیار دقیق تر از مدل رفتاری موهر کولمب در نظر گرفته می شود.

در مدل رفتاری سخت شونده، سه سختی مجزا وجود دارد که عبارت است از:

- سختی بارگذاری سه محوری E50 ( این سختی در واقع سخت شوندگی برشی می باشد و به منظور مدل کردن کرنش های غیر قابل بازگشت ناشی از تنش انحرافی اولیه است. )

- سختی بارگذاری ادئومتر Eoed (این سختی در واقع سختی فشاری است و به منظور مدل سازی کرنش های غیر قابل بازگشت ناشی از فشار اولیه در بارگذاری ادئومتر و ایزوتروپیک می باشد.)

- سختی باربرداری سه محوری Eur

تذکر 1 از بخش آموزشی مدل رفتاری در پلکسیس:

به عنوان مقادیر اولیه و در صورت نبود داده های کافی آزمایشگاهی، می توان از روابط زیر در محاسبه ی سختی ورودی در نرم افزار پلکسیس استفاده کرد:

E50 = Eoed

Eur = 3E50

تذکر 2 از بخش آموزشی مدل رفتاری در پلکسیس:

در صورتی که خاک مورد بررسی در طبقه بندی خاک های خیلی نرم و یا خیلی سخت باشد، رابطه ی E50 = Eoed برقرار نیست.

 

 2- مدل رفتاری سخت شونده در پلکسیس:

قبل از ارائه ی توضیحات در مورد مدل رفتاری سخت شونده پلکسیس، به ارائه ی توضیحات مختصری در مورد مدل هیپربولیک دانکن چانگ (1970) می پردازیم. روش اجزا محدود در خاک و برنامه های ارائه شده در راستای این روش، جهت بررسی ساختار مکانیکی و نیز پیش بینی رفتار یک مدل خاک تحت بار های اعمالی مطرح می گردد. به واسطه رفتار غیر خطی خاک، تحقیقات مربوط به این زمینه نسبت به سایر موارد کاربردی با پیشرفت کندتری همراه بوده است. ارائه روابطی که بیانگر رفتار غیر خطی خاک در قالب روش اجزا محدود باشد، نخستین بار در سال 1970 توسط دانکن و چانگ بررسی گردید. ایشان مدلی تحت عنوان مدل هیپربولیک را جهت توصیف روابط مابین تنش و کرنش در خاک بیان کردند. این مدل رفتار غیرخطی و ارتجاعی خاک را توصیف می نمود. مدول مماسی بیان شده در این مدل به صورت تابعی از سطح تنش اعمالی و مقاومت خاک بیان می گردید. از این مدل عموما به واسطه سهولت در تحقیقات مربوط به خاک استفاده می گردد.  

ایده اساسی برای فرموله کردن مدل خاک سخت شونده در نرم افزار پلکسیس ، وجود رابطه ی هیپربولیک بین کرنش عمودی و تنش انحرافی در بارگذاری سه محوری اولیه است.

 آموزش پلکسیس

شکل 1 از آموزش پلکسیس: رابطه ی هیپربولیک بین کرنش عمودی و تنش انحرافی

 

رابطه ی هیپربولیک بین کرنش عمودی و تنش انحرافی شکل فوق مطابق زیر است:آموزش پلکسیس

 

 

 

 

پارامترهای رابطه هیپربولیک برای آزمایش سه محوری زهکشی شده استاندارد استفاده شده در مدل سخت شونده در نرم افزار پلکسیس مطابق زیر است.

الف) مدول سختی وابسته به تنش محدود کننده برای بارگذاری اولیه (سختی بارگذاری سه محوری E50) که در شکل زیر نشان داده شده است:

آموزش پلکسیس 

شکل 2 از آموزش پلکسیس - مدول سختی وابسته به تنش محدود کننده

تذکر 3 از بخش آموزش مدل رفتاری Hardening در پلکسیس:

در نرم افزار پلکسیس ، بارگذاری اولیه مبنا 100 کیلوپاسکال در نظر گرفته شده است. توجه شود که سختی واقعی، به تنش اصلی کوچکتر بستگی دارد.

 

تذکر 4 از بخش آموزش مدل رفتاری Hardening در پلکسیس:

m توان نشان دهنده ی وابستگی سختی به سطح تنش می‌باشد. در رس های نرم مشاهده شده که1= m. جانبو مقدارm را برای ماسه نروژی و سیلت، 0.5 گزارش می کند. وون سوس (1980) مقدار m را بین 0.5 تا 1 گزارش می کند.

 

ب) تنش انحرافی نهایی که در شکل زیر نشان داده شده است عبارت است از:

 

آموزش پلکسیس

شکل 3 از آموزش پلکسیس - تنش انحرافی نهایی

q =qf معیار گسیختگی موهر کولمب می باشد و شامل پارامترهای چسبندگی و زاویه ی اصطکاک می باشد. به محض اینکه q =qf، معیار گسیختگی ارضا می شود و جاری شدگی پلاستیک اتفاق می افتد.

 

پ) کمیت qa عبارت است از:

 آموزش پلکسیس

شکل 4 از آموزش پلکسیس - کمیت qa

 Rf عبارت است از نسبت گسیختگی که کمتر از 1 می باشد. در نرم افزار پلکسیس ، این مقدار به طور پیشفرض، 0.9 می باشد.

 

ت) برای مسیرهای تنش باربرداری و بارگذاری مجدد، از سختی وابسته به تنش دیگری استفاده می‏شود که عبارت است از :

 آموزش پلکسیس

 شکل 5 از آموزش پلکسیس - سختی بار برداری

3- پارامترهای مدل رفتاری سخت شونده ی موجود در نرم افزار PLAXIS:

همان گونه که گفته شد، اساس مدل رفتاری سخت شونده در نرم افزار پلکسیس ، وجود رابطه ی هیپربولیک بین کرنش عمودی و تنش انحرافی در بارگذاری سه محوری اولیه است. بعد از معرفی پارامترهای موجود در رابطه ی هیپربولیک تنش-کرنش، به ورودی های مورد نیاز به منظور تعریف مدل رفتاری سخت شونده در نرم افزار پلکسیس خواهیم پرداخت:

به طور کلی پارامترهای ورودی قابل تعریف این مدل در پلکسیس ، شامل موارد ذیل می باشد.

بخش اول از پارامتر های ورودی مدل hardening در نرم افزار پلکسیس: پارامترهای مشترک با مدل موهر کولمب غیر سخت شونده که شامل موارد زیر می باشد

C چسبندگی موثر

Φ زاویه اصطکاک داخلی موثر

Ψ زاویه اتساع

بخش دوم از پارامتر های ورودی مدل hardening در نرم افزار پلکسیس: پارامترهای پایه سختی خاک که شامل موارد زیر می باشد.

E50ref: سختی سکانتی در آزمایش سه محوری استاندارد زهکشی شده در حالتیکه σ3= -100 Kpa (σ3 تنش اصلی کوچکتر است). 

Eoedref: مدول مماسی برای مرحله اولیه بارگذاری تحکیمی در حالتیکه σ1= -100 Kpa (σ1 تنش عمودی است)

 

 

m: توان نشان دهنده ی وابستگی سختی به سطح تنش می‌باشد. در رس های نرم مشاهده شده که1= m. جانبو مقدارm را برای ماسه نروژی و سیلت، 0.5 گزارش می کند. وون سوس (1980) مقدار m را بین 0.5 تا 1 گزارش می کند.

 

بخش سوم از پارامتر های ورودی مدل hardening در نرم افزار پلکسیس : پارامترهای پیشرفته که شامل موارد زیر می باشد. 

Eurref:سختی باربرداری-بارگذاری مجدد که در بخش 1 یه آن پرداخته شد.

Vur:ضریب پواسون برای حالت باربرداری –بارگذاری مجدد

K0nc: برای خاکهای عادی تحکیم یافته (K0nc=-sinφ 1)

Rf: نسبت گسیختگی است که در نرم افزار پلکسیس که در بخش 2 به آن پرداخته شد. این مقدار به طور پیشفرض درپلکسیس ، 0.9 می باشد.

σtension : مقاومت کششی (مقدار آن، به طور پیشفرض در نرم افزار پلکسیس صفر است σtension= 0 که به این معناست که برای خاک مقاومت کششی در نظر نمی گیرد)

Cincrement: ضریب تغییر چسبندگی مانند مدل موهر-کولمب ( به طور پیشفرض در نرم افزار پلکسیس صفر است)

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